Barringer, Tim. The Pre-Raphaelites. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1998
Chapter 7
NEW AUDIENCES, NEW APPROACHES
The period between 1815 and 1848 experienced momentous transformations due to industrialization, migration, and urbanization. Some individuals were fascinated by modernity, which furnished an exciting new range of subjects. Others were frightened and took refuge in carefully created home environments, in memories of childhood, or in nostalgic fanatasies of an idealized past. Artists turned their attention to these various subjects and marketed their works to the increasingly affluent middle classes. The emergence of Biedermeier, Golden Age, and Pre-Raphaelite art signalled a shift in artistic taste and catered to this escalating shift in patronage from church and monarch to the public and individuals.
Artists and Artworks:
7.2 - Edwin Landseer, Windsor Castle in Modern Times, 1841-45
7.3 - Jens Juel, Promenading in a Park, 1764
7.4 - Léopold Boilly, Downpour, 1803
7.5 - Friedrich von Amerling, Arthäber Family, 1835
7.7 - Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Peasant Wedding, 1843
7.10 - Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Roman Beggar, 1815
7.11 - Christen Købke, View from the Embankment of Lake Sortendam, 1838
7.12 - Aleksei Venetsianov, Threshing Floor, 1821
7.13 - William Sidney Mount, Farmers Nooning, 1836
7.14 - William Powell Frith, Railway Station, 1863
7.16 - William Holman Hunt, Hireling Shepherd, 1851
7.17 - William Holman Hunt, Awakening Conscience, 1853
7.18 - John Everett Millais, Ophelia, 1851-52
7.19 - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Beata Beatrix, c. 1864-70
Readings:
Berman, Patricia G. In Another Light: Danish Painting in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Vendome Press, 2007
Blakesley, Rosalind P. Russian Genre Painting in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000
Boime, Albert. Art in an Age of Counterrevolution, 1815-1848. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004
Fletcher, Pamela M., and Anne Helmreich, The Rise of the Modern Art Market in London, 1850-1939. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2011
Giebelhausen, Michaela. Writing the Pre-Raphaelites: Test, Context, Subtext. Farnham and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2009
Himmelheber, Georg. Biedermeier, 1815-1835: Architecture, Painting, Sculpture, Decorative Arts, Fashion. Munich and New York: Prestel, 1989
Hunt, William Holman. Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, 2 vols. New York: Macmillian, 1905
Johnson, Catherine, Helmut R. Leppien, and Kasper Monrad. Baltic Light: Early Open-Air Painting in Denmark and North Germany. Exhibition catalogue. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999
Kestner, Joseph A. Masculinities in Victorian Painting. Aldershot and Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1995
Monrad, Kasper. The Golden Age of Danish Painting. Exhibition catalogue. Los Angeles Museum of Art, 1993
Nochlin, Linda. “Lost and Found: Once More the Fallen Woman,” The Art Bulletin, vol. 60, no. 1 (March 1978): 139-53
Norman, Geraldine. Biedermeier Painting, 1815-1848: Reality Observed in Genre, Portrait, and Landscape. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1987
Nunn, Pamela Gerrish. Problem Pictures: Women and Men in Victorian Painting. Aldershot and Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1995
Prettejohn, E. The Art of the Pre-Raphaelites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000
Pupil, François. Le style troubadour: ou la nostalgie du bon vieux temps. Nancy : Presses Universitaires de Nancy, 1985 (in French)
Schmitz, Thomas. Die Deutsche Kunstvereine im 19. Und frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Ein Beitrag zur Kultur-, Konsum-, und Sozialgeschichte der bildenden Kunst im bürgerlichen Zeitalter. Neuried: Ars Una, 2001 (in German)
Thomas, Julia. Victoria Narrative Painting. London: Tate, 2000
Vaughan, William. German Romanticism and English Art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1979
Werner, Marcia. Pre-Raphaelite Painting and Nineteenth-Century Realism. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005
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